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Batch details

英國(guó)Ossila材料M261/PTB7-Th/PBDTTT-EFT/英國(guó)Ossila材料PCE10

General Information

Applications

PCE10 (PTB7-Th, PBDTTT-EFT) is one of the new generation of OPV donor polymers that could deliver on the heralded 10/10 target of 10% efficiency and 10 years lifetime. Brand new to the Ossila catalogue, this material is already showing impressive potential with in excess of 9% efficiency reported in the literature and over 7% produced when using large area deposition processes in air with a standard architecture [1,2]. In our own labs we have achieved efficiencies of over 9%.

The advantages of PCE10 are that not only does the material lower HOMO/LUMO levels and increase the efficiencies compared to PTB7, but more significantly it is also far more stable. Early indications are that it can be handled under ambient conditions without issues, suggesting that we can look forward to measuring the long term lifetime of the devices.

PCE10 is one of the most exciting materials to have made it out of the labs in recent years and offers huge potential for more in depth research. We'll be working hard over the next few months to maximise efficiencies by optimising the device architecture, and we will provide further results as we do so. In the mean time, our current fabrication routine is below, and should you have any further questions or queries please contact us.

Usage Details

Reference Devices

Reference devices were made on batch M261 to assess the effect of PBDTTT-EFT:PC₇₀BM active layer thickness on OPV efficiency with the below structure. These were fabricated under inert atmosphere (N₂glovebox) before encapsulation and measurement under ambient conditions.

Glass / ITO (100 nm) / PEDOT:PSS (30 nm) / PBDTTT-EFT:PC₇₀BM (1:1.5) / Ca (5 nm) / Al (100 nm)

For generic details please see the fabrication guide and video. For specific details please see the below condensed fabrication report which details the optical modelling and optimisation of the multilayer stack.

The PBDTTT-EFT:PC₇₀BM solution was made in chlorobenzene at 35 mg/ml before being diluted with 3% diiodooctane (DIO) to promote the correct morphology.

Active layer thicknesses were achieved from spincasting the film at spin speeds of 2000, 2700, 3900 and 6000 rpm for 30s. Additionally, a methanol wash was performed for all devices to help remove the DIO additive. For each of these spin speeds a total of 2 substrates (3 in the case of 2700 rpm) was produced, each with 8 pixels and the data presented below represents a non-subjective (no human intervention) analysis of the best 75% of pixels by PCE (18 pixels for 2700 rpm condition, 12 pixels for each other).

Overall, the average efficiency of 8.30% PCE (9.01% maximum) was found from a 2700 rpm spin speed.

ote on effect of epoxy: Due to the very high solubility of the PBDTTT-EFT it was noted during fabrication that the film changed colour when in contact with the encapsulation epoxy in liquid form for extended periods indicating that there was some miscibility. Inspection of the active areas underneath the top cathode indicated that the epoxy had not seeped into the active area before curing and device metrics indicate that this did not appear to affect performance. However, we would recommend minimising contact time between the epoxy and PBDTTT-EFT films before UV curing.

英國(guó)Ossila材料M261/PTB7-Th/PBDTTT-EFT/英國(guó)Ossila材料PCE10

Condensed Fabrication Routine

Substrates and cleaning

• Edgeless 8 pixel substrates (S211)
• 5 minutes sonication in hot 10% NaOH solution
• 1x boiling DI dump rinse, 1x cold dump rinse
• 5 minutes sonication in hot 1% Hellmanex III
• 2x boiling DI rinses, DI
• 5 minutes sonication in warm IPA
• 1x boiling DI dump rinse, 1x cold dump rinse
• N₂ blow dry
• Substrates held on a hotplate at 120°C before spin-coating the hole transport layer (no further cleaning or surface treatment required)

PEDOT:PSS

• PEDOT:PSS (AI4083) filtered through a 0.45 µm PVDF filter
• Spin on heated substrates at 6000 rpm for 30s
• Bake at 120°C after spincast
• Cathode strip wipe with DI, replaced back on hotplate until transfer to glovebox
• Additional bake in the glovebox for 30 mins to remove residual moisture

Active Layer Solution

• Fresh stock solutions of PBDTTT-EFT (M261) made at a concentration 14 mg/ml in anhydrous CB and dissolved at 70°C for 1.5 hours
• Mixed with dry Ossila 95% C70 PCBM at a blend ratio of 1:1.5 to make an overall solution concentration of 35 mg/ml
• Mixed in 3% DIO and then heated the solution at 70°C with a stirbar for 2 hours
• Cooled prior to spincasting

Active layer test films

• Test film spun at 2000 rpm for 30s using unfiltered solution with a methanol wash before measuring with a Dektak surface profiler
• Reference film displayed a thickness of 140 nm

Active layers

• Devices spun using 30 µl dynamic dispense for 30s
• Methanol wash was then immediay performed as a secondary spin step, 20 µl at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds
• Cathode wiped with CB

Evaporation

Left in vacuum chamber overnight and evaporated with the below parameters.

• 5 nm Ca at 0.2 ?/s
• 100 nm Al at 1.5 ?/s
• Deposition pressure

Encapsulation

• As standard using Ossila EE1, 30 mins UV in MEGA LV101

Measurements

• JV sweeps taken with Keithley 237 source-meter
• Illumination by Newport Oriel 9225-1000 solar simulator with 100 mW/cm² AM1.5 output
• NREL certified silicon reference cell used to calibrate
• Lamp current: 7.8 A
• Solar output at start of testing: 1.00 suns at 23°C
• Solar output at end of testing: 1.00 suns at 25°C
• Air cooled substrates
• Room temperature at start of testing : 25°C
• Room temperature at end of testing: 25°C
• No aperture mask, pixel size: 0.4 mm²

To the best of our knowledge the technical information provided here is accurate. However, Ossila assume no liability for the accuracy of this information. The values provided here are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch.

References

Please note that Ossila has no formal connection to any of the authors or institutions in these references):

1. Side Chain Selection for Designing Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymers with 2D-Conjugated Structure, S. Zhang et al., Macromolecules, 47, 4653-4659 (2014)
2. Highly Efficient 2D-Conjugated Benzodithiophene-Based Photovoltaic Polymer with Linear Alkylthio Side Chain?, L. Ye et al., Chemistry of Materials., 26, 3603-3605 (2014)